Social Responsibility of a Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social Responsibility of a Business - Essay Example Quite often, businessmen can be found expressing their concerns upon the social responsibilities of business. In the modern age, people have become extremely conscious about the issues of health and safety, and sustainability. Having sufficiently achieved the necessities of life, people, organizations, and agencies all are now heading towards achieving psychological contentment. That is why, issues like sustainable development have become a major concern in the contemporary age unlike past, when bringing the industrial revolution was more important that keeping environment healthy with a compromise upon development of technology. As businesses are the key drivers of economy and the practices adopted by business entrepreneurs play a decisive role in the maintenance of health and safety of the environment, a lot of debate has conventionally occurred regarding the relationship between business and society. This gave rise to the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR had e volved as a concept to define the link between business and society (Klonoski, 1991 cited in Shah and Chen, 2010, p. 118). One of the leading scholars who have conventionally participated heavily in the debate of relationship between business and society is Carroll (1979) who defined the corporate social responsibility in these words, â€Å"The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point of time† (Carroll, 1979, p. 500). There are six basic responsibilities of the CSR as indicated in the figure below: Responsibilities of CSR (Rotariu and Ilies, 2011, p. 13). Another useful and well constructed definition of CSR is that it is â€Å"a prominent feature of the business and society literature, addressing topics of business ethics, corporate social performance, global corporate citizenship, and stakeholder management† (D’Amato, Henderson, and Florence, 20 09, p. 2). In addition to CSR, another term that has been coined some time ago and that also explains the public concerns with business is public relations (PR). A comprehensive definition of public relations is; â€Å"PR practice is the art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their consequences, counseling organizational leaders, and implementing planned programs of action which will serve both organization and public interest† (Wilcox et al. 2003 cited in Sinh, 2007). According to Grunig (2006 cited in Jones and Bartlett, 2009, p, 1), the biggest difficulty practitioners of public relations encounter is the enrollment of public relations in the business practices as an acknowledged management function. The social dimension of a business: Business in society exists because of Social Will. Society permits business to extract the resources that nature has given it since time immemorial, to market products and to provide necessary services to its members with the least side-effects on existing morality, social relationships, and the environment. (Alweiss, 2009). Social conscience of the business requires the entrepreneurs to provide the public with job opportunities, eradicate discrimination from the workplace on the basis of race, gender, religion and culture etc, and adopt such business practices that make it green, environment friendly and sustainable.

The Representation of evil in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Example for Free

The Representation of evil in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay In 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson published his short novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. A recurring theme in the novella is that of evil, a popular subject in Victorian literature as it is such an interesting concept to interpret. The story was set in London, a city put across in the novella as being a dark, intimidating place (as most of the scenes were set in the night-time), and where otherwise respectable men and women indulged in evil activities such as gambling, sex, violence and drugs. Stevenson makes many references to the id and ego, which Sigmund Freud wrote about earlier in the 20th century. Freud believed that the id and ego were in constant battle with one another, the id being the unfettered self, and the ego a personality you project on society. The id very much represents the evil side of man in Stevensons novella, and this is shown when the respectable Dr. Jekyll takes the potion to release Hyde, his animalistic id. Stevenson was plagued by ill-health as a child, and was taken care of by a nurse. The nurse was a strong Christian, and thrust stories upon him of evil people burning in hell for eternity, and good people being taken to heaven. Stevenson disagreed with the belief that people were born either good or evil, rather that they were born as both. Sigmund Freud wrote that when a child is born, they are id-ridden, meaning that they demand instant satisfaction. He believed that as a child grows, their ego is formed around social morals, norms and taboos. Stevenson seems to suggest that as the ego suppresses the id, the ids affect on behavior becomes stronger, causing people to indulge in activities regarded as being evil. Stevenson also uses symbolism to convey evil. The doors used by Jekyll and Hyde are an example of symbolism. In chapter 1 The Story of the Door, Stevenson describes the door used by Hyde. The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained. This immediately gives the image of someone who doesnt care about appearance or image. Mr. Hyde using this door shows that he isnt respectable and he needs to hide away. The location of the door also suggests the evil being hidden away, down a back alley, deep inside a persons mind. I dont believe Mr. Hydes actions are evil. By definition, evil actions are conscious decisions to have a negative effect on something, and that contradicts the whole concept of the id. The id is something that all humans are born with, and, as Freud wrote, does not have knowledge of good and evil, only that its desires demand instant satisfaction. What comes across to the crowd and audience as an evil action because no flicker of remorse is shown, is actually not intended. The first time we hear about him is when we are told of a madman knocking down a small child and walking straight over her. It sounds like nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasnt like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut. The phrase juggernaut suggests Mr. Hyde is amoral, not evil. Hyde isnt bothered about who or what he hurts; he doesnt have a conscience to speak of. He never feels guilty of his actions. As he gets more out of control, he acts more like an animal, and quite insanely. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim under foot. When Jekyll tries to control his evil side, after a while, it doesnt work because, as stated before, when the evil is suppressed it comes back more powerful than before. Jekyll starts to change into Hyde without taking the potion. Hyde is gradually taking over and Jekyll is becoming more evil. In chapter 7 we see this happening. Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield are standing below the window where Mr. Jekyll is sitting. Suddenly they see something which shocks and scares them; froze the blood of the two gentlemen below. They saw it but for a glimpse for the window was instantly thrust down, but that glimpse had been sufficient. This shows that Jekylls evil side is increasing with time and starting to control him. It also shows that Jekyll is becoming more dependant on the antidote to stop him becoming Hyde and to keep the evil in check, rather than before, when he was using it to isolate his evil side. Other characters always react with shock and horror to Mr. Hyde; this is because he is so repulsive looking and primitive. The image scared a lot of people and as Hyde is rude and unsociable no one likes him or is prepared to talk to him. I had taken a loathing to the man at first sight. His appearance and manner also provoked a bad reaction from people. He gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. The haunting sense of unexpressed deformity with which the fugitive impresses his beholders. Jekyll is the only person who does not react with horror at Hyde. And yet when I looked upon that ugly idol in the glass, I was conscious of no repugnance, rather of a leap of welcome. This, too, was I. He realises that the man staring back at him from the mirror was himself in a different, more evil form. At the time Stevenson was writing the novella, people were very judgmental of those who looked different. This included people with all sorts of different disabilities, which are now widely accepted. Back then, these deformed people would have been shut away and often the public thought that only a deformed or evil soul could cause such deformities on the outside. These real, sadly common reactions from the late 1800s probably had a huge influence on the attitudes that Stevensons characters had towards Hyde in the book. The book seems to associate evil with animal quite frequently. This can be seen in the way the book describes how Hyde acts, but also in the way he speaks, often using the term hissed and croaked. In many religions, certain animals are associated with evil, like in the bible, where a snake was personified as Satan. This can be linked to the then recently published theory of evolution, which shocked many people. Darwins theory stated that animals evolved, rather than being created by god, which contradicted the heavily Christian Victorians beliefs. It seems ironic that Darwin was a man of the church, trying to prove religion right. It seems to me that Robert Louis Stevenson, while writing this novella, set out to make the repressed Victorian society think about its morals and beliefs, and, like many great writers, to challenge the public to think in a new way about themselves and the society they live in.

The Extinction Event and Life in the Post-Apocalyptic Greenhouse :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Extinction Event and Life in the Post-Apocalyptic Greenhouse The biggest mass extinction of the past 600 million years (My), the end-Permian event (251 My ago), witnessed the loss of as much as 95% of all species on Earth. Key questions for biologists concern what combination of environmental changes could possibly have had such a devastating effect, the scale and pattern of species loss, and the nature of the recovery. New studies on dating the event, contemporary volcanic activity, and the anatomy of the environmental crisis have changed our perspectives dramatically in the past five years. Evidence on causation is equivocal, with support for either an asteroid impact or mass volcanism, but the latter seems most probable. The rest of this article spends time speculating through the advances in technology and the reanalyzation of old evidence to determine various cataclysmic events that happened millions of years ago. There are many sections in this article that discuss the methods used to determine the closet possible dates and the sequence in which they follow. There are also sections in this article which discuss methods used for the evidence of impact, eruption and how reading the environmental changes can help paleontologists determine conclusions and narrow the perspectives of paleontologists (scientists) and popular culture as a whole. However, there are still many factors in the evidence collecting process that make it difficult to determine the actual events, let alone the sequence of them. For instance, at the end of the Permian, giant volcanic eruptions occurred in Siberia, spewing out some 2 million km3 of basalt lava, and covering 1.6 million km2 of eastern Russia to a depth of 400-3000mteres, equivalent to the area of the European Community. Consequently, with increasingly precise dating, the Siberian â€Å"Trap† (areas which are composed of basalt, a dark-colored igneous rock which is generally not erupted explosively from classic conical volcanoes, but usually emerges more slowly from the long fissures in the ground) have switched from having only a minor role in the Permian crisis to being the most probable cause of the whole catastrophe. Some scientists have even suggested recently that the massive flood basalts were actually themselves caused by a giant extraterrestrial impact, which tore deep into the continental crust of that part of present-day Siberia. So this is yet another example the evolutionary and

Policies Affecting Indigenous Australians Essay -- Aboriginal, Australi

Indigenous Australians have faced many changes to their original life style, with numerous policies being brought in. These policies had an incredible affect on how the indigenous Australians lived. The policies inflicted on the indigenous Australians varied widely and had numerous impacts. The policies of assimilation, protection and integration had mainly negative impacts on the community, causing loss of identity, language and religion. The policies of self-determination and reconciliation, had mostly positive effects to the indigenous Australian community, creating a stronger bond between black and white Australians, encouraging the concept of closing the gap between indigenous Australians and non-indigenous Australians. These policies had an incredible influence on the indigenous Australians life, changing many ways they lived. The policies changed the path of history for all Australians. The protection policy the first policy and had serious affects on the aboriginals of Australia. Violence against aboriginal people had been at a high rate, the white Australians felt it their duty to protect the aboriginals, the policy aimed to separate aboriginals from white Australians. They were removed and put into government reserves and church missions, where they were forced to become Christians. The aim of the policy and missions was to eradicate all aboriginals’ languages, religions and spirituality, In 1883 a protection board was set up to run the missions. The missions and camps had a paternalistic approach, treating the aboriginals the way a parent would treat a small child. The impact from this policy was horrific, with the mission being similar to a prison. Aboriginals lost their independence and became extremely reliant o... ... community and live along side white Australians, while other aboriginals happily moved in to the community and came to live a more civilised life. The next policy brought in was the policy of self determination this, was very welcomed by the aboriginal community, as it gave the aboriginals back some of their rights. As the relationship between non-indigenous Australians and indigenous Australians improved, there was a high demand for reconciliation. With many opinions including why the people of today should say sorry for the past Australians injustices. The affects from reconciliation were caused by the controversial approach; there have been numerous speeches, activities and ‘sorry days’. The affects from all the policies varied greatly, due to the differences in the policies. The affects caused change the path of history and have gotten us where we are today.

Wielding the Sword of Truth

There is that famous saying that â€Å"pen is mightier than sword†. A common interpretation to this statement goes like this: a pen is a better weapon, may it be for offense or defense, than any weapon for destruction. But another interpretation is also apt for the statement: the pen of the writer, and the output it produces, shall be able to withstand any blow from any weapon, however destructive, that tries to destroy or repress the ideas it tries to share to the world.Throughout the world, through countries’ experiences of political turmoil and all the civil repression that comes along with most of it, time only seems to lend more and more credibility to this statement. â€Å"Didn’t you know that manuscripts don’t burn? † (Bulgakov, 1967), this is a much-quoted line from Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita. It was spoken by Satan (in the person of a foreign professor/magician named Woland) to The Master, a writer who burned his com pleted novel in an effort to keep the Soviet authorities from reading it.Being one of Bulgakov’s main theme in the novel, it highlights the important role of writers: observing and writing about the social situation, amidst all the threat of a repressive and controlling government, with the object of sharing to others what the writer has seen and not just putting it away, never to be read, out of fear of arrest or torture—to shed the light of freedom in the darkness of an unfree world. This theme was said to be based on Bulgakov’s personal experience of burning the early version of The Master and Margarita in fear of punishment from Soviet authorities.Thus it can be said that The Master has some autobiographical element from the author itself. The period when the novel was set corresponds to the time that Bulgakov wrote it: 1930’s, with the communist Bolsheviks reigning over all of Soviet Russia, and Stalin as the head of the said ruling party and of the country. This period was characterized by severe government control, not just on the economy, but on almost every move of the citizen of its country.And while in this time Russia is deemed to deliver good results, as it is considered as one of the superpowers of the world, internally, the system is mired with conflict and threat-and-control-subjected citizens. Those people who challenge the status quo and the government’s way of running the country are immediately taken into custody and sent to psikhushka where they are to be imprisoned as to stop them from â€Å"polluting† other people’s minds. Thus, to avoid imprisonment and torture, several writers, Bulgakov included, chose to destroy their deviant literary works.However, in writing the second draft of the novel, and with it having the abovementioned theme, it seems that Bulgakov has realized the futility and repugnancy of destroying one’s own work in favor of a trouble-free existence. This is reflecte d in the much-quoted line and in Woland’s returning of The Master’s burned novel. The scene and the theme corresponding to it signify the author’s revised stand that a person whose eyes had been opened and exposed to the truth has then the responsibility of spreading this truth to the society, no matter how much that person is to be oppressed.That person has to have the courage to bump through the walls that the oppressors build before them because he/she has been entrusted with a great responsibility. It is cowardly for that person to deny the world of his/her knowledge since with it; the person denies the world the chance to know what they ought to know. At the same time it is cowardly, destroying one’s own truth-revealing work is also futile since even though the output has been destroyed, thus removing any implicating physical evidence of deviance, the idea is still on the person’s, and perhaps of other people’s minds.Bulkagov, upon maki ng the statement about the futility of manuscript burning, sends a hopeful and encouraging message, most especially to writers to shed their fears and rally for truth even amidst the threat of retribution from the authorities who seek to repress the truth by repressing the writers’ and the people’s ideas. Knowing the truth, it is said, is a privilege of everybody. Therefore, those who have initially been exposed to it have to extend this privilege to others—the truth becomes their responsibility.And since this world of ours there are people who try to deny this privilege to persons other than themselves—those autocrats who usually believe that common people deserve to know only what they choose to divulge, however small a peek to the whole picture it is—the truth-knowing person, in this case, the writer needs to whip out his pen and use it as the weapon that shall thwart the repression of truth. True, the pen is mightier than the sword. But the pen is only as strong as the courage and nerve of the writer that wields it.By the bye, a pen is only a pen; a written paper is still only a paper; easily destroyed by fire or any other means, but the idea and observation of a writer, or any person for that matter, remains his/hers alone—irrepressible, and once acknowledged, indestructible by any controlling authority. Unless the writer sharpens his/her pen with courage for the revelation of truth, however sad to say, in that case, the pen shall forever lose to the swing, no, even from the mere presence of the sword of repression.

Killer Angels by Walter Dean meyers essays

Killer Angels by Walter Dean meyers essays Expecting the unexpected is the perfect phrase that matches the historical but fictional novel, Fallen Angels. Richie Perry , the protagonist, had just joined the army and later fought for several months on 1967 and 1968 in the Vietnam War. When he first joined though, the author, Walter Dean Myers, gave Richie illusions to how war was supposed to be. Richie, like other soldiers in the novel, expected wars to be just like movies and stories. They always showed battles as heroic, glorious, etc. But during that time at war, those illusions were hardly close to the reality of what war was supposed to be. As a result, Richie found himself struggling to come to terms with the horrifying reality of war, which contradicts the myths about the war that he At first, Richie didnt want to let go of his beliefs on war. He believed that the good, smart, and careful soldiers were the ones that always survived while death came to enemies, unskilled soldiers, and just all-around bad people. The longer he stayed fighting in the war was the more he realized how wrong he was. Death, to him, was now unfair and random. One example of how death was unfair and random would be by a man named of Jenkins. Jenkins was young man who went to war only because his father wanted him to. He spent about two days in the war and as a result, he got killed instantly by stepping on a hidden landmine. This death was unfair because it wasnt his decision to go to war and he had no control over his death. It was random also because he had went through a little battle and later died just when he and the rest of the soldiers with him were reentering their camp. Richie also believed that life in the army would be much more simple than complex. He believed that all the soldiers would be heroic, glorious, and the army would have a lot of help and ...

Relevance Questions on ACT English Strategies + Practice

Relevance Questions on ACT English Strategies + Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In high school, I had a history teacher who was known for going off on tangents- he would start giving us his lesson on the French Revolution butend up telling us all about the Peregrine falcon. These facts were interesting, but they were hardlyrelevantto the issue at hand (how Marie Antoinette got her head chopped off). Similarly,ACT English tests your ability to spot places where a passage veers off topic. Of course, it does so in it's own special way, which this post will cover! Here's what you'll need to understand to approach relevance questions with confidence: Whatrelevance means on the ACT English section How you can spot relevance questions How todecide whether information is relevant Key ACT strategies for relevance questions What is Relevance on the ACT? ACT English prizeswriting that is clear and concise, sothe passages shouldn’t includeany unnecessary information. Occasionally, questions will appear that test your ability to determine whether phrases or sentences are extraneous- these are relevance questions. Keep in mind that relevance questions arevery similar to redundancy questions, which are much more common. The two types of question operateon the same basic principle- cut anything you don't need- but relevance questions are aboutwhether information adds to the point of the paragraph, while redundancy questions are about whether a word or phrase is repeating something that's already been said. How to Spot Relevance Questions Relevance questions aren't formatted any differently from the majority of ACT English questions, so they can be a bit tricky to spot. However there are two main clues you should watch for:some of the answers have a lot more words than others and the answers provide information that doesn't appear elsewhere in the passage. Let's look at an example question from a real ACT: There's nothing obviously wrong with this sentence, so we need to look at how the answer choices are different from each other: they all add information about the Navajo. Given that the information provided by the three answer choices is basically the same but the phrasing is different, it would be easy to conclude that this is a wordiness question. However, we first need to determine whether the extra information is relevant. The additionalphrases in answers B, C, and D all describe the size of the Navajo- this information isn't given anywhere else, so it isn't redundant, but that doesn'tmean it's necessary. The size of the Navajo has nothing to do with theircreation of a linguistic code, which is what the paragraph is about. As such, this information is irrelevant and shouldn't be included. A is the correct answer. Now that we've established that relevance questions are ones in whichsome of the answers introduce new information, let's talk about how to decide whether the information is relevant. How to Determine Relevance The key to relevance questions is that you must not assume that more information is necessarily better. Though you may find providing as many details as possible a good strategy for your essays in school, doing soon the ACT English section will hurt your score. So how do you determine if a piece of information is relevant? There are two issues to consider: Is the info related to main topic of of the sentence or paragraph? Does the sentence or paragraph still make logical and grammatical sense without it? If the answer tothe first question is no, then don't even worry about the second one- the information isn't relevant and should be omitted. (This principleapplies tomost of the relevance questions on the ACT, including the example above.) Test items thatdo require youto considerthe second question are a bit more challenging. If a piece ofinformation seems like it might be relevant, consider whether it's necessary for your understanding of the passage. Does it clarify a previous point or introduce a key detail? If not, it probably isn't relevant. This concept may seem complicated, but it's actually not too bad. Let's look at anexample of relevantversusirrelevant information: Irrelevant: Leonardo da Vinci, who is played by Patrick Godfrey in the movieEver After, is the quintessential Renaissance man. Relevant:Leonardo da Vinci, a famous artist, inventor, and scientist, is the quintessential Renaissance man. The first underlined section adds information, but the actor who played da Vinci in a movie is not relatedto the fact he was a Renaissance man (someone who has great expertise across a variety of topics). The underlined portion of the second sentence, on the other hand, provides information that clarifies why da Vinci is a famous Renaissance man. An example of da Vinci's work. Let's work through this process onan ACT-style practice question: Julia wanted to move into her brother's room afterhe graduated from high school, but she wasn't able to because he ended up living at home for his first year of college. A. NO CHANGE B. because he ended up living at home. C. because he decided to major in biology. D. OMIT the underlined portion, ending the sentence with a period afterto. At fist glance, this question might appear to be a wordiness question, since choice B shortens the original underlined portion. However, if you look closely at the different answers you'll see that they each provide different information- this fact makes it a relevance question. Our next step is to summarizethe main idea of the sentence: Julia wanted to take her brother's room but couldn't because he was still living in it.We can eliminate choice C, since the brother's choice of major isclearly not relevant to this topic. The remainingchoices involve deciding how much of the information in the original version is relevant: all of it, the first half of it, or none of it. Let's start by deciding whether we should omit the whole underlined portion. What does this section of the sentence tell us? Why Julia can't have the room.The sentence would still make grammatical sense without this part, but it would be lacking a key piece of information, so we can eliminate D. Finally, we have to choose between A and B. The correct choice is A because the phrase "for his first year of college" connects back to the fact that Julia was planning on taking her brother's room after he finished high school and helps to explain why she wasn'table to do so. Most ACT English relevance questions will be much simpler than this one, but the process you use to answer them is the same. It's important to keep in mind that even though most of the time the extra information will be irrelevant and need to be cut out, it will sometimes be necessary, so you always have to read the informationcarefully and decide. Key ACT English Strategies for Relevance Now that we've covered in depth how to spot and approach relevance questions, let's quickly review the main strategies you will need on the test. #1: Watch for underlined sections where some of the answers include extra descriptive information. #2: Omit information that isn't related to the main idea of the sentence or paragraph. #3: Keepinformation that clarifies an important point or introduces a key detail. If you follow these basic rules, relevance questions will be a snap! Practice Your Skills! After all that discussion, it's time for you to try out some relevant ACT English practice. Post yourquestions in the comments! 1. Because owls rely on their wings to hunt, wing injuries aremajor issues for the birds, which are nocturnal. A. NO CHANGE B. the nocturnal birds. C. the birds. D. the birds, which hunt at night. 2. Emily, who'd never been on a roller coasterbefore, was frightened by the height of the ride. F. NO CHANGE G.who loved amusement parks H.a young woman J.OMIT the underlined potion 3. Holi is an Hindufestival duringwhich revelers throw colored dye into the air. Yom Kippur is the Jewish New Year. This practice, which results in participants skin and clothes being temporarily colored, has been adopted in the US for large parties and fun runs. A. NO CHANGE B.Another Hindu holiday is Diwali. C. Everyone has a lot of fun. D.OMIT the underlined portion. Answers: 1. C, 2. F, 3. D You made through that lesson! Onwards! (Image: Xiaojun Deng/Flickr) What's Next? Take a look at some of our other posts about rhetorical skills on ACT English: author intent questions and main goal questions. Make sure you understand the quirksof ACT English and have a solid approach for the passages. Check whether you need to study any grammar concepts with this handy guide to what's actually on the ACT English section. Practice makes perfect- test your skills on one of these free practice tests! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

How to Use Mood and Atmosphere in Your Novel - Freewrite Store

How to Use Mood and Atmosphere in Your Novel - Freewrite Store ï » ¿The mood, or atmosphere, of your novel, is one of the things that makes your story stick in your readers’ minds long after they’ve turned the last page. Think about some of your favorite novels - what is it that you remember most? For me, the stormy atmosphere of my favorite novel, Wuthering Heights, is the first thing that comes to mind. Emily Bronte managed to create a mood in the novel that I really related to during my turbulent teenage years. As I’m writing this, I’m listening to the angry crashing of thunder and the pouring torrential rain, listening to children screaming as they run inside - what a perfect reminder of how nature creates atmosphere without any effort at all! The Power of Your Setting for Atmosphere There’s a variety of factors that go into creating mood and atmosphere in fiction. Your setting - including details like the weather and climate - can be a great starting point for conveying a mood. In Wuthering Heights, for example, the windswept moors of the Yorkshire Dales created the perfect backdrop for the atmosphere of the story. It’s the setting that allows you to introduce details that create the mood. The kinds of details that you can use for conveying the atmosphere against the backdrop of your story include smells, sounds, and sights. For example, you could create a gothic mood by using details that describe the decay of an abandoned house - cobwebs in the corners, rust on the bars on the windows, clouds of dust, and so on. Using Mood Words As a beginning writer, when I first came across the term ‘mood words’, I thought it referred to a list of moods (e.g. happy, depressed, angry, despondent, etc.). I was wrong. Mood words are broadly defined as descriptive verbs and adjectives that add an extra dimension to non-descript actions. For example, consider the difference between these sentences: Adelaide walked towards the door. Adelaide tiptoed towards the door. Walking is non-descript. We all do it, and without any kind of descriptors about howa character is walking, there’s no sense of mood or atmosphere. To tiptoe, however, is to walk in a particular way - to avoid being heard or to avoid disturbing someone. Overall, tiptoeing creates a sense of stealth and can be used to convey an atmosphere of tension or caution. Mood words are incredibly useful when you’re trying to convey an atmosphere. It can be helpful to have a list of mood words for particular types of scenes that you can easily refer back to. Here’s an example to get you started: Eerie Mood Words: Creaking Rattling Thumping Scuttling (as in a mouse scuttling) Whistling (as in the wind whistling) Cracking (as in a twig cracking) Show, Don’t Tell The easiest way to create a mood is to tell the reader what the mood is, right? Wrong. Which of these two passages is more engaging and captivating in its description of mood?: Rebecca felt happy that the interview had gone well. She was excited to hear back from the manager. Rebecca walked sedately out of the building, but as soon as she was out of sight of the reception desk, she almost danced across the road to where Dom was waiting for her. A bubbling laugh escaped her lips as she ran to him and threw her arms around his neck. â€Å"I think I’ve got it!† she almost shouted. â€Å"Oh, Dom, you should’ve seen me in there!† You should always avoid telling your readers something when you can show them through your characters actions and speech. The second passage conveys the excitement in a way that makes the reader feel part of the scene - simply telling the reader that your character is excited isn’t going to create an atmosphere of excitement. Word Choices The words that you use to describe a scene or setting can have a powerful impact on the kind of mood you create. When I was studying for my Creative Writing degree, my tutor set an assignment that I thought I’d suck at, but I actually found that I enjoyed it. We were given a setting - a simple backyard - but told to describe it in three different ways, conveying a different atmosphere each time. This is how it turned out: Scene 1: Shadows played across the yard like a shroud. Long grass, unkempt and almost knee-high, danced in the breeze. A child’s bicycle, long abandoned, lay in the shadow of a withered oak tree. Sunlight blazing off the sash windows of the house made it impossible for Derrick to see whether Susan was inside. Scene 2 Alstroemeria bloomed in the bright-blue planter pressed up against the side of the front porch. Danny’s bike was, yet again, abandoned in the middle of the lawn at the foot of the old oak. Excited giggles drifted down from the treehouse as the boys quickly hauled the ladder up. â€Å"Is your Mom home?† Derrick called out to the boys, shading his eyes against the glare of the sun. Scene 3 There were some signs that this had once been a happy home - the rusty bicycle below the oak tree, and the partially-collapsed remains of a treehouse. There had once been a lawn, but now it was just a scorched black scar in front of the dilapidated house. Derrick dug the toe of his boot into the dirt and sighed. It had been fifteen years, but if he breathed in deeply enough, it was almost as if he could still smell the smoke of the fire. The words that you choose to describe anything in your novel have the power to convey very different moods. You have to be careful about the vocabulary that you choose, to ensure that every word matches up with the mood you’re wanting to portray. Descriptions are a lot like paintings. The details that you show to your reader come together to create an overall picture - and if you use details that don’t fit the mood, they’ll be jarring to your readers. Putting What You’ve Learned Into Practice Actually practicing using mood and atmosphere in your novel is the best way to get better at it. I’ve put together some exercises to help you get started. Imagine you’re writing a ghost story. Which of these two settings would provide the best backdrop for your story?: A cabin on the beach on the island of Barbados in summer An isolated cabin in a remote part of the Scottish highlands in winter (where there are only a few hours of daylight each day) Imagine you’re writing a story about a marriage breakdown. How would these different settings change the mood of the story?: The kitchen during the morning rush to get the kids to school A seating area outside a cafe close to where there’s a group of protestors shouting and waving placards A clifftop as your characters are participating in a walk for charity Create a mood word list for each of the following atmospheres: Spooky Tense Despairing Excited Joyful Find a scene in a novel (yours, or one you’re reading) where there’s more telling than there is showing. Re-write the scene in a way that conveys a mood without using the actual word. Describe a house and garden in three separate scenes, creating a different atmosphere in each.

Social Media called PATH Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Media called PATH - Assignment Example The decision to have limited contacts was based on psychological research findings that prescribe that people have a limit for workable social connections. In addition, there are limitations imposed together with the provision for users to personalize how they share each post to facilitate greater personal information sharing by ensuring it is confidential to the user’s social inner circle contacts. Operant conditioning theory comes in use in that the users’ minds have to adjust to maintain the ideal ethics while socializing; any failure to follow the social ethics risks the account termination. With too many social networks in the market, Path faces a great challenge upfront. Nowadays market favor only rigorous business minded entrepreneurs (Quester et al. p. 35). Many people are already contented with the social network they use so economic model of information search is handy. However, path has come up with a prudent tactic to lure more users using expectancy value theory. They intensify on the issue of having not to keep on managing friend list as with Facebook, so they ask you to join for a world of easy connection with people close to you. Path as a social site is primarily designed for a few friends. It was launched back in 2010, and was the only social media likely to grant Facebook an overwhelming challenge. However, the reputation in the market has been deteriorating and they have to get back into the market and utilize variety of marketing theories and convince people to use their software. Being concerned about the consumer should be the first priority in marketing of the social site. The consumption theory dictates that the management team should be aware of the needs of the consumers prior to making decisions. Motivational theories puts it that the social site user must be attracted by a certain motivational factors as privacy of the information and free accessibility of the site, a concept path has failed to

Themes of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Themes of War - Essay Example The theme of the author is able to display how war affects every level of society while holding the wrong intent that negatively impacts those directly and indirectly involved without good reason. This is displayed through the monologue and the way that the author describes the specific situation. The first way in which the author describes the problem is with the individuals that are fighting in Iraq and what this has caused to their personal lives. This occurs specifically with Cheo’s brother who is fighting in the war. The conditions which are described show how his brother is suffering not from the fighting but, instead, from the lack of care which is received while being in Iraq. â€Å"He sat in a tank in the middle of the Saudi Arabian desert. Wrote six, seven, eight hours a day. These brilliant letters of fear† (Rivera, 346). The fear is then described with the brother waiting to die while there is nothing to do but wait. This problem is one which continuously ar ises in the main theme, specifically in how it has affected his brother by creating fear and causing him to believe only in death. The conditions of the war and the treatment of the soldiers further show that the Iraqi war is one which is not worth fighting and is only leading to misery and loss of life. The individuals that are affected then move into the familial relationships that have connections to those that are in the war. Cheo, as the main character, is first shown with the effects that he has had toward the war because of him missing his brother and of the pain which he knows he is in. This is followed by his confusion over the rights and beliefs which he knows he should have and which cause a division of whether to believe in the war or not. The problem which arises is first seen with Cheo’s observations of his brother and how he changes from saying that he loves others to fighting them and no longer having this characteristic. The reflection continues with Cheo cha nging his belief in wanting blood and bombs and waiting every day for Iraq to be bombed so his brother can come home (347). The change in the character of Cheo shows how the relationships of the family and those that are waiting for the war to be over affect the situation even more, as well as the attitudes of those that are placed in the war. The problems noted with the family then turn to the dialogue becoming one of a national and societal problem. This creates a connection that moves from the family and into the political and social impact that is created. â€Å"And this billboard went up in my town showing Stalin, Hitler, and Hussein, saying we stopped him twice before we have to stop him again! This billboard was put up by a local newspaper!† (348). The attitude created in society is one which shows the same violence that is taking place in the war, despite the lack of knowledge or understanding of what is occurring in the war as well as why it is being fought. The them e of violence and how this takes over at every level is displayed through this dialogue and by showing that there is a sense of the war spreading because of attitudes, changing beliefs and the position of being involved in the war. The war, then, becomes one that is based on growing attitudes of violence over nothing that is occurring within society except for a desire to have money and oil. The theme continues with noting that the war is based not only on problems

Critically appraise the fiscal strategy of the UK Conservative-Liberal Essay - 1

Critically appraise the fiscal strategy of the UK Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government - Essay Example Amongst the compromises that the two parties made were their held fiscal policies, which have greatly affected the country to the present moment. The unresolved budgetary deficits, a weak economy and no framework for making a quick recovery for the economy can show this. When the recession hit Great Britain in the period 2007-2009, the Labour Government continued in its overspending in terms of the budget, which worsened the state of the public finances (Giudice, Kuenzel and Springbett, 2012, p. 22).   At the campaigns of the 2010 general election, the Conservatives promised faster action to curb borrowing in order to stabilize the economy. Through a new budget introduced on June 22, 2010 by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the government planned to remove the deficit in the budget by the period 2014-2015. By this time, the amount of borrowing as a share of the GDP would have reduced, achieved through cuts in spending by a figure of 80% and increases in tax by 20%. This reassured the financial markets who continued to lend money and at the same time maintaining a low cost in the repayment of existing money owing. By doing this, the Conservatives had made a concession to their Liberal Democrats Coalition partners, which have led to several difficul ties with regard to the fiscal strategy and policy as originally made. The United Kingdom Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government aims at reducing the spending by the government so that the deficits that are in the budget are reduced. As already stated, it was initiated in the year 2010 with the main aim of achieving â€Å"cyclically-adjusted current balance by the end of the rolling, five-year forecast period†. This means that the intention of the fiscal policy was to have the austerity measures in place until the period 2015-2016, but this was pushed to 2018. What these austerity measures meant were

Critique of La Haine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critique of La Haine - Essay Example The essay "Critique of La Haine" discusses The La Haine which depicts a classical French film. French filmmaker, Mathieu Kassovitz directed the film that manifests alienation racism and violence in French suburbs. The director shows how unemployment and discrimination fuel violent anger among French youths.The film shows that the ugly housing estate in Paris does not affect do not affect the youth. Mathieu Kassovitz shot the film in black and white to profess racial strife and disaffected youth in France. Indeed, the film focuses on the common challenges experienced by mixed-race groups against bad cops and bourgeois community. For example, the film depicts three angry unemployed youths experiencing albeit with anger their friend suffering from police brutality. This is the best film associated with the hip hop generation of the French suburbs. Apparently, French youths use French rap to resist discrimination, alienation, and oppression based on race and class. Although the film pene trated the global audience it also portrayed the adverse effects of adopting the popular American culture in France as seen in the case of police brutality. The film focuses on issues of class and not of the race where it seemingly ignores racism. For example, the film the protagonists argue that the minority and the poor cannot get weapons to protect themselves yet the wealthy and powerful can easily access guns for protection. The La Haine shows the differences between the French hip hop and American hip hop culture.

Tongan cultural Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tongan cultural Diversity - Essay Example Majority of the people are farmers or fishermen. There are no major metropolitan areas in Tonga and the numerous islands are dotted by closely located villages. The Tongans or the Polynesians are a group that inhabit about hundred and fifty islands lying to the east of Fiji. The human population is neatly confined on islands that are separated by vast expanses of oceans. These islands vary in size, resources and degree of isolation. Each of these settlements developed their distinctive features in isolation. The wide variety of cultural differences found within the same group has been a cause of study by various ethnologists and archaeologists. Polynesia has been called a cultural laboratory because of the adaptive variation of a single culture on its far-flung islands and island groups (Davidson, 1977). Polynesia was isolated from other cultures but did have interactions with other cultural traditions. It developed some of its distinctive features through interaction with West Polynesia and Fiji. Similarities between the various West Polynesian cultures have been found due to the same origin. According to D’Arcy (2003), the Pacific Islanders were highly localized in their affinities and expansive in their interactions. As a result they embraced multiple cultural affinities, both local and regional. Western Polynesia consisted of two archipelagos – Tonga and Samoa and a few other smaller more isolated islands. All of these islands shared many common features with Fiji. Interaction with other communities meant that change could be very rapid and changes to one community’s circumstances could have regional implications. Distinct variants of the Polynesian language and culture can be noticed in each of the islands and even though the dialects differ, they can be recognized as dialects of a single language. in The Tongan island consists of smaller islands with a total

Critique of La Haine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critique of La Haine - Essay Example The essay "Critique of La Haine" discusses The La Haine which depicts a classical French film. French filmmaker, Mathieu Kassovitz directed the film that manifests alienation racism and violence in French suburbs. The director shows how unemployment and discrimination fuel violent anger among French youths.The film shows that the ugly housing estate in Paris does not affect do not affect the youth. Mathieu Kassovitz shot the film in black and white to profess racial strife and disaffected youth in France. Indeed, the film focuses on the common challenges experienced by mixed-race groups against bad cops and bourgeois community. For example, the film depicts three angry unemployed youths experiencing albeit with anger their friend suffering from police brutality. This is the best film associated with the hip hop generation of the French suburbs. Apparently, French youths use French rap to resist discrimination, alienation, and oppression based on race and class. Although the film pene trated the global audience it also portrayed the adverse effects of adopting the popular American culture in France as seen in the case of police brutality. The film focuses on issues of class and not of the race where it seemingly ignores racism. For example, the film the protagonists argue that the minority and the poor cannot get weapons to protect themselves yet the wealthy and powerful can easily access guns for protection. The La Haine shows the differences between the French hip hop and American hip hop culture.

Escaping Embarrassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Escaping Embarrassment - Essay Example example of free style rappers who dread any instance of stopping abruptly in their rapping, and have devised techniques through which they can prevent â€Å"falling off,† mostly by sharing a platform and taking turns to rap, which helps in saving face, and brings out a stronger personality in street music. This implies fluent communication directly affects the image of an individual to the audience. Sawyer (1) noted that casual conversation portray creativity as it is directionless and is not scripted. With scripting, one has to remember each detail of the work to be communicated to ensure free flow of such information, however in causal communication the speaker is at liberty to include anything they feel comfortable and fluent in to ensure free flow of information to the audience. This contributes to creativity as individuals think out of the box to include materials that would keep the audience entertained, and portray eloquence in communicating. Moreover, such communication is naturally collaborative, meaning that it is uniquely creative as an individual discovers unexpected and valuable ideas from the audience, and from creative thinking, which make the audience entertained (Sawyer, 71). Eloquence and creativity in communication bring about an image of a strong communicator. Goffman (3) asserts that expressions involve two distinct sign activities. The most important expression involves a range of actions that are symbolic, and which define the actor. These symbolic actions are what define the eloquence of the communicator and include the body language, confidence, and public addressing skills. The nonverbal, unintentional type of communication whether deliberately engineered or unintentional defines the image of the individual as an eloquent and experienced communicator (Goffman, 4), which amounts to define the image of the individual. As Lee (307) asserts, people will derive numerous techniques to save face. However, if an individual is at risk of

Role of crossing boarders in Translations Essay Example for Free

Role of crossing boarders in Translations Essay At the end of the play, Jimmy Jack says and the word exogamein means to marry outside the tribe. And you dont cross those boarders casually, both sides get very angry. In the light of this quotation, examine the dramatic and thematic significance of the role of crossing boarders. In many ways, Translations is a pessimistic play, particularly about the capacity of people from different cultures to communicate to each other. It is pessimistic in the sense that all attempts to break past ancient barriers fail. It is in this sense that the theme of crossing boarders is very significant in the very foundations of the play. More specifically, Translations highlights the importance of language, and communication in general, for the conflicts between different groups. Lack of communication builds boarders and makes them impenetrable. The structure or Translations allows Friel to explore several layers of events and themes. On one level, it is about a series of local incidents in a small village in northwest Ireland in 1833, which compel the characters to change the way they live. On another level, its sole purpose is to explore the themes of cross cultural conflict and communication. This themes are explored through the characters, them relationships and what happens to them in the play. We see attempts to cross boarders in many of the characters. The first example is our first introduction to Owen, Hughs sophisticated and charming son who works for the British forces. It is made obvious from the description of him in the stage direction that he appears to have crossed from the typical rural Irish stereotype that has been formulated to a more commercial English one. He is smartly dressed and described as looking like a city man in a great contrast with Manus, the lame soldier, who we discover is his brother. At this point in the play Owen seems to be trying to make what could be termed as a crossing bridge between the two cultures and languages; he is the go between. While this could first imply that he has changed sides, so to speak, we see later in the play that this is not the case. If you analyse the language he uses when he first appears at the hedge school it is difficult to decide if he genuinely appreciates and elevates his heritage and traditional culture, thus supporting my argument, or whether he is mocking it. For example: (Act I p27)I come back after six years and everythings just as it was! Nothings changed! (Act I p29)Honest to God, its such a delight to be back here with you all again-civilised people. While at this point in the play we could be lead to believe he is saying such things in mocking and thus abandoning his old culture and successfully crossing boarders, later in the play we see a shift in his tone and language. He looses his enthusiasm for the British colonial cause and begins to disagree with the English thinking that the Irish names should be standardized. (Act III p68) The originals Saint Muranus. Dont you think we should go back to that? We see him appreciating the historical significance of names that he had previously discarded in Act I as insignificant: (Act I p37) Owen-Roland-what the hell. Its only a name. However, reinforcing my argument, even in his temporary shift of loyalty Owen creates tension, particularly with Manus. Hugh on the other hand is just pleased to have him home. This is emphasized in the stage directions. (Act I p 26) He embraces Hugh warmly and genuinely Hughs eyes are moist-partly joy, partly the drink contrasts with Manus cold tone and manor Youre welcome Owen; he speaks to Owen like he would when welcoming a guest. By attempting to cross boarder he is estranged. And so, even though he manages to cross the boarders of language, he never completes the transition to the other tribe. However, even this periodic shift of loyalty causes tension thus linking to the idea of Exogamein that Jimmy Jack refers to. One of the most conventional structures for a play is to begin with a situation, then introduces some complications, before moving towards a resolution. Friel follows this for the first two acts but in Act III he avoids resolving some situations. We see this is the character of Maire, the pragmatic rural woman who wants to learn English and emigrate. Even from the beginning of the play she is portrayed as a tough rural strong minded, strong-bodied woman, but still shows her practical character and pragmatic approach: (Act I p 8) Fit me better if I had that much English She is the only character who wants to speak English thus showing her adaptability and acceptance to change in the early stages of the play. In the same way that whether or not Maire emigrates is left unresolved, so is the death of Yolland. We have little doubt that if Yolland is still alive he and Maire will get married and will the be only characters to successfully cross boarders. Their relationship is probably the most relevant to the title statement by Jimmy Jack in the last scene. It is interesting, in terms of the theme of the play, that Brian Friel chose not to resolve this issue, that he chose not to confirm their failure. Their relationship, however, causes many more serious consequences than Owens temporary shift of loyalty. We suspect the Irish rebels kill Yolland and then as a result the British Forces threaten to level the Irish town of Baile Beag. Friel was obviously trying to show the disastrous consequences of what such a simple innocent relationship can result in. This, again, can be linked to Jimmy Jacks statement. It is interesting that Friel chose the last scene of the play to draw particular attention to this theme and leads us to believe that he does this so the audience will go away from the performance with the imagery of ravished farm lands, and militant violence and this theme fresh in their minds. In conclusion, after analysis of the plays structure and central ideas we can see that the theme of crossing boarders is the most significant in the play as in a way, all aspects, whether they be linguistic, cultural or geographical are connected to it. Although Friel is quoted to have said Translations is a play about language and only language cannot be doubted that in writing Translations Friel wanted to make his audience aware of the consequences of crossing ancient barriers built by language, and made impenetrable by language.

Compare And Contrast Different Organisational Structures Commerce Essay

Compare And Contrast Different Organisational Structures Commerce Essay Organisation can be identified through their responsibilities, authorities and relationships in the market. There are ways to organise companies to get effectiveness in market. The structures of organisation play important role in development of company. These structures are based on cultural identity of organisation the way its structures behave. (Botha, 2008)These structures are to keep work flow and bring profits and the way they work they create culture. The degree of influence within organisation and the systematic approach to organise the activities forms culture. There are following types of structures in companies depending on their composition. Bureaucratic and Administrative structure Functional Structure Divisional structure Structure Matrix These structures form a way of functioning and behaviour of the company. These can be divided into following groups based on company culture. Circle organization Team Network Virtual This depends on the facilities, policies and aims of the organisation how they use structure and culture in their favour. (Brooks, 2010) Companies in past remain under bureaucratic structure but with passage of time and learning now they have adopted a liberal form of structure which created liberal and devolvement culture with in origination where team work is more important that control from top to bottom. Explain how relationship between an organisations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business The performance of business can be affected by the relationship of structure and culture if the structures are not leading to a healthy sympathetic culture of work then company cannot meet its targets and cannot survive in the market. Company structure should be accommodative to espouse new good culture and cultural outlook should be in way to strengthen the structure and support the outcome of the activities in positive and profit oriented way. If we see the corporate culture is kind of approach that companys top management tries to project for their company as it portrays the systematic and organised business culture. Companies with better and organised culture try to keep the distance between the top management and junior ranks though in 21st century its all about the team work. (Harrison, 2002) Companies should promote harmonic and team work based culture. This systematic organisation of company culture and the structures to support the culture have visible impact on the performa nce of company business and it also presents the picture which helps investor and customers to decide the purchase activity related to company. This is factor behind the company management organising such events where they can introduce the structures and culture in their company through different mediums. Sometime they are using commercial media and some time the main stream media to give the introduction of their structures and culture. On business media companies tries to occupy more time in discussions that gives them advantage in marketing. (Ries, 2005) Similarly the workers and employees also get inspiration from structures and culture of company and they feel proud and loyal to a good organised structure and developmental culture in their company while they are with friends and family or in general public and they also try to promote the values of company. Discus the factors which influence individual behaviour at work There are many factors which influence the staff while they are at work. These factors are included company structures, hierarchy, culture, values, aims, objectives, benefits and punishment system. The staffs try to get support from existing company system. If there is not well established structure staff can not feel good and supportive attitude from top management towards their work so they loos the work interest after time. Similarly if there is not well define and developmental culture in company staff try to escape the work and lazy attitude is developed over time. If there is no well defined hierarchy in company there can be time and resources loss due to delays confusions and overlapping of work. (Cardy, 2003) If company holds good corporate values staff also feels secure and proud about company and they try to fulfil company goals and aims. The benefit are key to individuals at work as every human have basic life necessities and major motive behind any job or work is to fulfi l those needs if company is not providing enough financial and other supportive benefits to staff they will try to slip from company as soon as they will find better opportunity so it is necessary to keep staff loyal to company through providing them better financial and other benefits like health benefits and pensions. (Forster, 2005) Last but not least thing is punishment and reward system in absence of such punishment and reward system company management cannot get maximum effort from staff. It is necessary to use stick and carrot strategy with in company to get individuals work properly according to set targets of growth and development in business. Task Two Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations There are many leadership theories which define different leadership styles in business. Mostly the leadership style in companies is based on the approach of top management or owners of the company. Here is analysis about some of leadership styles and strategies along with their effectiveness for organisations. 1. Autocratic leadership This form of leadership is example of extreme transactional leadership, in which leader of company or top managers use power tool to deal the work and workers. Staff members have little chance to give suggestions and decide according to their. (Forster, 2005) This type of leadership cannot work with large organisations but it is good for small organisation especially where there is untrained labour or staff and unskilled jobs. But in large organisation it can lead to lazy attitudes, higher level of absenteeism and turnover 2. Bureaucratic leadership Bureaucratic leadership is way in which rules are followed strictly and work is done in the bases of book. It is very popular leadership style even with modification and modern approach in all companies this type of leadership is found at any level. This is good for work where there is serious work involve human life risk and handling of machinery, but in service sector it can lead to disaster where staff will try to implement and follow book and situation will required the diversity of action and response. 3. Charismatic leadership It is form of leadership which emerges with strength of personality and it creates higher level of acceptance among staff. It carries enthusiasm, charm and quality and creates an energetic atmosphere. The drawback of this leadership style is leader can turn authoritative and can make blenders for business without any one there to challenge him or her. Similarly the dependence on the leader can crate collapse after they leave. 4. Democratic leadership It is also called participative leadership in which there is room for every worker and manger to give their feedback and make contribution in the work development. It supports with decision which have full backing and involvement from staff. (Laeven, 2004) But sometimes it can lead to lake of responsibility and a competition based on contribution instead of quality. 5. Laissez-faire leadership The French word which means leave it be, it is way in which team member are given chance to work their own and take charge of decision making and responsibility as it is focused on productivity instead ways and means. It is effective in well groomed professional environment but can lead to collapse where staff is not fully trained and skilful. 6. Relations-oriented leadership This is also called as people oriented leadership in business which tries to accommodate the version of other people rather than top management. This type of leadership is aiming at the results for general welfare and benefits for maximum people. It tries to accommodate interests of as many as it can. But it have drawback of expansion of work to unnecessary boundaries and unnecessary participation and involvement level. Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management This theory tries to explain the understanding and appreciation for criticize or postmodernist segment of business world. This theory helps to develop a purpose oriented approach in which it serves depends on the advancement by the business. Theory focuses on the business environment and its effects on the working capacity of the business. Company have major aim of settling its interests and achieve its growth. It derives the relationship between different phenomenons which affect the business activities. The use of theory helps businesses in developing understating about modernity of technology, knowledge, skill development, diversity, development of structures and positive approach for profit seeking strategy. Through a good analysis of the situation company tries to look for success opportunities under this theory. The modernist view of theory helps in adaptation of new technology with better approach and understanding. (Lall, 2005)It helps the organisations to find way for increase efficiency and effectiveness to control performance indicators. Evaluate the different approaches to management used in different organisations There are many fundamental approaches in business management which are used and followed by the management in different sectors according to their needs. Based on different approaches we can categorize these managerial approaches based on implementation and management in three groups. These are used on the bases of following qualities:- The diversity of technology degree of complexity in delivery objectives of the business and Process used within a timeframe. These approaches are characterised as following:- Active Listening It states that some organisations need their management to used active listening approach to accommodate the needs of customers and workers in effective way for improvement in acceptance level and growth. This helps companies to win confidence from their customers and brings loyalty to brand names. Cultivating It is like listening approach it is a facilitative management approach which is supported by utilisation of existing skills in the environment to get advantage. It is based on active participation and involvement of staff and customers to bring fundamental results in favour of business. Steering This is different management approach which is based on instrumental project management to fulfil the delivery needs. It is mostly sued in developing projects where there is need for controlled activities to bring certain level of success. It is mostly short term strategy and approach of management as with development in business it cannot be used for long. Task Three Discus the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivations in organisations in period of change Leadership is way to give direction, implementation, planning and motivation to people in business for achievement of better results. There are certain leadership styles like authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic and delegative or free reign these styles are followed widely in business world to achieve set business targets. Here is summery of effects of different leadership styles on the motivations in organisation. Authoritarian or autocratic This is way in which leader shares the team that what company want and how it wants to be done without getting any feedback from juniors and team. Sometime leaders get all information from bottom level of management but they decide their own about actions. (Cardy, 2003) This style need lot of involvement from top management in company to be present physically to control things once manager is away staff tries to get escape from work and absenteeism is common in this type of leadership style. It also creates lake of responsibility and secrecy of information from one channel to other as everyone tries to avoid any bad situation. It also called bossing people this style is on decline in major organisations and is being replace by other leadership styles. Participative or democratic The slogan of this type of leadership is lets work together, it is way in which leader involves everyone to give their feedback and take responsibility for doing things on business. Though leader maintains the final decision yet still its room for more participation and every opinion is welcomes. This style have drawback for waste of time and unnecessary and unskilled involvement in business decisions which can lead to losses and weakness. Delegative or free reign In this leadership style responsibility is shifted to lower ranks of management, thus employees are allowed to make decision about work with freedom. Yet this required highly skilled and trained professionals at all levels which is expensive for human resource management and required lots of revenue and without grooming all staff to that level it can bring disaster to company business. This is also known as laissez faire. It is observed by the business exerts that a good leader tries to hold combination of all three leadership styles according to needs of time and management activity. Compare application of different motivational theories with in workplace There are different motivational theories for workplace performance management which are discussed in coming discussion. Incentive Theory of Motivation This theory states that staff and employee can be motivated to perform well through external rewards. For example, if there are some financial gains for staff for doing a certain level of work or keeping time management effectively they will try their best to achieve the land mark to gain that financial benefit. Drive Theory of Motivation This theory states that people are getting motivation from certain actions that are taken by management to get maximum outcome in performance. For example, someone can be motivated for drinking water to reduce internal thirst. This theory tries to base performance control on biological and physical needs of humans. Arousal Theory of Motivation These theory states that human are motivated to act to satisfy or decrease their stimulation or arousal level. For example, one person can like to go to movie while other can like to read book to satisfy certain arousal level. Humanistic Theory of Motivation Humanistic theory of motivation is a set of motivational theories which are based on fact that human have immense cognitive reason to act in certain way and do certain things. Abraham Maslows put this in his hierarchy of needs that is based on different motivations behind human actions and those motivations are biological, social and spiritual. Like hunger and self actualisation. Evaluate the usefulness of motivation theory for managers Motivation can be a very important factor for an organizational success and achievements of set targets by the organisation. Here are facts that help managers to get benefit from these motivational theories, these are following:- Motivation makes human resources available for action as every action required physical, financial and individual involvement. Through use of motivation managers can turn resources into action thus they can utilise those resources for development and growth. Motivation improves the level of efficiency in company as staffs puts full efforts neglecting their qualifications and learning they are involved to gain the benefits of motivational factor. Thus motivation in organisation improves performance level for managers. It helps in increase in productivity, improves the efficiency of staff and reduces the cost for operations. It leads organisations and managers to achieve the set organizational goals by the utilisation of available resources effectively and in better way. Increases cooperation at work, creates better work environment and works as stimulate for higher performance level. Motivation builds very friendly relationship among managers and staff as staff meets some benefits for their performance. It increases the staff satisfaction level at work and develops trust and confidence at workplace due to monetary and non-monetary incentives. Similarly, motivation becomes very important for business because it motivated staff, empowers manager and teams, creates team work environment, creates sense of belonging and responsibility among staff, decreases operational costs and makes work time effective activity. Task Four Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations Groups or teams are important and major feature of business organizations. Work At organizations is divided into sub-units that are consists of departments of groups. These groups shape the behaviour of organisations and are responsible for activities at organisation. It is very important for managers to develop understanding about the nature of groups inside organisations. (Forster, 2005) The cooperation level among groups and within teams is vital for company activities. This way people with different skills and behaviour patterns with in groups affect the level of group performance. The leadership style of managers is having important effect over these groups and leads to success or failure of group efforts. The composition of groups promotes team work, coordination, cooperation, experience sharing, guidance availability for new staff and collective outcome of business activity. These groups have following features:- They interact with each other They build teamwork They can involve into a psychological warfare They are define unit They share common skills and interests There are ways through groups are formed one of such explanation is given by the Tuckman in 1965 as he define the process of group formation which is based on Stage 1 Forming Stage 2 Storming Stage 3 Norming Stage 4 Performing Stage 5 Adjourning There are many formal and informal groups within organisation which work according to their set purposes and try to achieve those purposes. Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations There are many factors which affect the development of teams at business organisations. These factors are internal and external it nature. These factors include, high standard of performance, creating quality work, experience sharing, collective efforts, minimising cost, minimising work effort and to promote collective benefits as team. These factors affect the composition and working ability of groups and teams in absence of some important factors team cannot be building and there can be no increase in performance level which is brought by the team work. In 21st century the new business dimensions insist on the development of team under the affect of these factors to get maximum output from staff performance. Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organisation In 21st century media and communication are very important tools for business performance and business development. There is continuous increase in technological advancement in creation and working of teams with in business. Here are some technological tools and their impacts on performance of team in business environment:- e-mail is based on internet which is most rapidly spreading form of communication which businesses are adopting rapidly to support their teams. The use of email helps teams to share and retain information for best performance. Mobile phones also have their huge impact on business and teams within businesses as it is quickest and reliable way to communicate between teams and get support on time. Groupware are new technological tool help teams in planning meetings, increase collaboration and work in a virtual environment with better results than emails and phones. Personal computers are popular in business as tool for management, communication and record keeping. The use of laptop is very popular in business community and helps the continuous connection among team members through use of internet and its capacity is bigger and better than previously mentioned tools.

Winter Dreams Essay -- essays research papers

Fitzgerald Essay- Prompt 5 Money may be able to buy ones happiness but not necessarily satisfaction in life. Fitzgerald's characters in â€Å"Winter Dreams† and Great Gatsby had money, but not satisfaction throughout their life. One can have satisfying materials, do satisfying things, and obtain satisfying qualities. Characters in â€Å"Winter Dreams† and Three of the most satisfying materials that a person could own is a home, money, and a car. At least one of these items is essential for a person no matter where they live. The home is the most satisfying material that a person could own. A home is a place that one can go to rest, eat, and just live. A home provides memories and a place for a family to grow. A home satisfies people with protection, an investment, security, safety, and privacy. The home is definitely a key item of satisfying materials. Another satisfying material that a person could own is money. Money is something that is very important to possess. Owning money can satisfy a person’s hunger, shelter, and just everything it takes for that person to live. A person would not be satisfied if they did not own any money. They would be depressed and have to live on the streets. Money alone cannot satisfy a person on a whole but it brings together the whole term of satisfaction. The last item that is satisfying is a c ar. A car is something that can satisfy ones need to get around. It is important to use to get to work, school, and places to far to venture on foot. A car is a machine with great power and can also satisfy one with air conditioning on a hot day. It can satisfy a person with ride to ones favorite place such as the beach. A home, money, and a car are all materials that a person can own to satisfy them. Not only can materials satisfy a person but so can activities such as sports, relaxing, and sleeping. Playing sports can satisfy a persons body and mind. Participating in sports keeps one in shape satisfying their heart and health. Also it can satisfy a persons stress level by focusing on the activity. Sometimes not playing sports but just relaxing can be satisfying. Relaxing and not working can give a person time to think, breathe, and their body to recuperate. Relaxing is a very satisfying activity. Another activity that is satisfying is sleeping. Curling up under the covers, closing ones eyes, and just clearing the mind is something very ... ...o was playing at that moment had been gay and new five years before when Dexter was a sophomore at college. They had played it at a prom once when he could not afford the luxury of proms, and he had stood outside the gymnasium and listened. The sound of the tune precipitated in him a sort of ecstasy and it was with that ecstasy he viewed what happened to him now. It was a mood of intense appreciation, a sense that, for once, he was magnificently attune to life and that everything about him was radiating a brightness and a glamour he might never know again.† Dexter would agree that being loving is a quality that gives one satisfaction. He felt this satisfaction when he was with Judy on her boat. â€Å"His heart turned over like the fly-wheel of the boat, and, for the second time, her casual whim gave a new direction to his life.† Dexter was in love with Judy and he saw that Judy was never honest to him. He didn’t mind that Judy was never honest, â€Å"When she assured him that she had not kissed the other man, he knew she was lying--yet he was glad that she had taken the trouble to lie to him.† Finally he wouldn’t agree that honesty is satisfying because he was just satisfied with a lie.

Comparing the Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Mac

Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Macbeth and Julius Caesar  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Kings are everywhere in Shakespeare, from Hamlet to Richard the Second, from Henry the Eighth to Macbeth; many of the plays contain a central element of a king or autocratic head of state such as Julius Caesar, for example. They focus more specifically on the nature of that person's power, especially on the question of removing it; what it means on both a political and psychological level, how it can be achieved, and what will happen afterwards. This is not surprising, considering the times Shakespeare was living in: with the question of who ruled and where their authority came from being ever more increasingly asked in Elizabethan and Jacobean times the observations he makes are especially pertinent. Kings and kingship also lend themselves well to drama; the king is a symbol of the order (or disorder) of the day and a man who possesses (almost) absolute authority and the status that accompanies that, whilst in contrast he is also a human being with the ordinary weaknesses of that condition. Shakespeare is also said to have loved the drama of killing; according to legend he would "make a speech when he killed a calf" in his father's abattoir (Richard Wilson: 'A Brute Part'.) The dramatic image of sacrifice is particularly prevalent in Julius Caesar; Brutus says: " Let us be sacrificers but not butchers, Caius. We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar; And in the spirit of men there is no blood: O! then that we could come by Caesar's spirit, And not dismember Caesar. But, alas! Caesar must bleed for it. " ( II.i.166-171 ) Many images of sacrifice are present throughout the play, such as the servant returning... ... doubt it; and if it does go something else equally fine will take its place. It will be the same thing in a different dress. You can't invent anything finer than kingship, the idea of the king. " This may be true for many more than just the dramatist, Kings, Queens, and other more modern demagogues remain widespread throughout the world today and we are still far from the fairer, truly democratic world order the revolutionaries of the seventeenth century and many more since then have strived for. Works Cited. Craig,E.G./ ON THE ART OF THEATRE Harvester Dollimore,J./ RADICAL TRAGEDY Harvester. Freer,C./ POETICS OF JACOBEAN DRAMA Hopkins University Press. Kirsch,J./ ROYAL SELF Putnams. Knight,G.W./ IMPERIAL THEME Methuen. Knight,G.W./ SOVEREIGN FLOWER Methuen. Mack,M./KILLING THE KING Yale Univ. Press. Wilson,R./A BRUTE PART (Lecture handout)   

Two Models for Teaching Business Ethics Essay

Business management               The art of managing a business, means coordinating the various efforts of the staff with the aim of accomplishing goals and the set objectives with the aid of available resources effectively and efficiently. Business management generally comprise of organization, planning, leading, staffing, and controlling organization activities to achieve the prospected goal. Many organizations are viewed as systems. It therefore dictates that management is a human action, which includes designing, facilitating the production of important outcomes from the system. This then present a picture people being able to manage themselves is a prerequisite in trying to manage other people (Ananthan, Appannaiah, & Reddy, 2010).               Theoretically, business management includes manipulating of human capital in an enterprise to enhance the business success. An enterprise must therefore include humans, positive communication, and endeavors that are positive (Ananthan, Appannaiah, & Reddy, 2010). Other factors such as psychological motivational tools, plans, goals, measurements, and economic measures at times can or cannot be important components of business management. Critical business functions               In the current tumultuous business world economy, enterprises must adjust to fit.. It is necessary for the business to be aggressive in finding means of remaining competitive in the current economy of the world. One of the critical things to do is to restructure its functionality mode (Sen, 2008). Many times some of the enterprises that try this are faced with failure due to existence of stumbling blocks. Therefore, it is worth for the business to come up with well structured plan to go through these radical changes. The best way of doing this is by fully including their staff prior to and after making a decision that impacts change in the operation of the business (Ananthan, Appannaiah, & Reddy, 2010).               Companies that are willing to understand some of inextricable that might occur within the time of preparing the workers to welcome the new changes and the effective and efficient new initiatives implementation, then, are likely to notice that their efforts make an extra mile. Through careful planning and top leaders’ support will help the workforce to adjust to the changes- therefore the business will hence remain at its competitive edge (Sen, 2008). Individuals and systems integration for effectiveness in an organization             In the dynamic technological advancement, any business corporations need to be in line with the ever changing business operation systems. Aggressively, all the individuals are supposed to accept the role played by these systems. The most crucial system is that of passing information, all the workers are deemed to be aware with any new implementation at any particular point. Communication keeps the business running, internally; the workforce will be flexible if and only if, the information passed is clear. Externally; information coming will enhance the enterprise to be aware of the competition level of their competitors and then adjust appropriately. Effective integrations will subdue the full utilizations of the employee’s abilities (Sen, 2008) The ethical and social responsibilities bestowed on a business          In terms of ethical issues the business is faced with great challenge of remaining a loft with its initial target of servicing their prospected customers. Some of the ethical issues are quality service and quality productions. Any business that has been in the market for long and their service and goods have gained a brand, should not start lowering the quality and quantity of service and goods production. They also need to run their business in relation to the demand of the general public and the requirement the state (Kwarci, 2012).             Socially, businesses have the responsibility of playing a great partnership with the state and the general public at large. They need to be part and parcel of the major operations of the society in such a way that take part of society development. Environmental protection is also their great responsibility in ensuring its prosperity. In regard to the state, business need to be aware of the need to pay taxes in advance to avoid being in conflict with the state (Kwarci, 2012). The aspects of business management                The following will be some of the very crucial aspects that any business manager ought to be equipped with to facilitate the process of business management. Human resources, is one of the most crucial aspects of any business. It involves looking after the well being of your staff, it is the staff that determines your way as business. Another aspect is that of marketing, sales and promotion. Once the products and services have been produced, it is the responsibility of the sales marketing department. A well strategized plan from this department will see the business go up in the total sales (Ananthan, Appannaiah, & Reddy, 2010).               These aspects are very crucial because they really give out the clear picture of the business from within and outside business environment. In conclusion, they help the enterprise to furnish their business outlook before the eyes of the customer and very importantly to those of their competitors. References Ananthan, B. R., Appannaiah, H. R., & Reddy, P. N. (2010). Business management (Rev. Ed.) Mumbai [India: Himalaya Pub. House. KwarciÅ„ski, T. (2012). Ethics of Business or Ethics for Business? Two Models for Teaching Business Ethics. Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, 3(116), 42-49. Sen, M. (2008). Business management. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co Source document

Introduction to Spectrophotometry Essay

This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual.