Biography of African American Senator Hiram Revels

It took until 2008 for the first African American to be elected president, but remarkably the first black man to serve as U.S. senator—Hiram Revels—was appointed to the role 138 years earlier. How did Revels manage to become a lawmaker just years after the Civil War ended? Learn more about the life, legacy and political career of this trailblazing senator. Early Years and Family Life Unlike many blacks in the South at the time, Revels was not born a slave but to free parents of black, white and possibly Native American heritage on Sept.  27, 1827, in Fayetteville, N.C. His older brother Elias Revels owned a barbershop, which Hiram inherited upon his sibling’s death. He ran the shop for a few years and then left in 1844 to study at seminaries in Ohio and Indiana. He became a pastor in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and preached throughout the Midwest before studying religion at Illinois’ Knox College. While preaching to blacks in St. Louis, Mo., Revels was briefly imprisoned for fear that he, a freeman, might inspire enslaved blacks to revolt. In the early 1850s, he married Phoebe A. Bass, with whom he had six daughters. After becoming an ordained minister, he served as a pastor in Baltimore and as a high school principal. His religious career led to a career in the military. He served as a chaplain of a black regiment in Mississippi and recruited blacks for the Union Army. Political Career In 1865, Revels joined the staffs of churches in Kansas, Louisiana  and Mississippi—where he established schools and started his political career. In 1868, he served as an alderman in Natchez, Miss. The next year, he became a representative in the Mississippi State Senate. â€Å"I am working very hard in politics as well as in other matters,† he wrote to a friend after his election. â€Å"We are determined that Mississippi shall be settled on a basis of justice and political and legal equality.† In 1870, Revels was elected to fill one of Mississippi’s two empty seats in the U.S. Senate. Serving as a U.S. senator required nine years of citizenship, and Southern Democrats challenged Revels’ election by saying he didn’t meet the citizenship mandate. They cited the 1857 Dred Scott decision in which the Supreme Court determined that African Americans weren’t citizens. In 1868, however, the 14th Amendment granted blacks citizenship. That year, blacks became a force to contend with in politics. As the book â€Å"America’s History: Volume 1 to 1877† explains: â€Å"In 1868, African Americans won a majority in one house of the South Carolina legislature; subsequently they won half the state’s eight executive offices, elected three members of Congress, and won a seat on the state supreme court. Over the entire course of Reconstruction, 20 African Americans served as governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, treasurer or superintendent of education, and more than 600 served as state legislators. Almost all the African Americans who became state executives had been freeman before the Civil War, whereas most of the legislators had been slaves. Because these African Americans represented districts that large planters had dominated before the Civil War, they embodied the potential of Reconstruction for revolutionizing class relationships in the South.† The sweeping social change spreading across the South likely made Democrats in the region feel threatened. But their citizenship ploy did not work. Revels’ supporters argued that the pastor-turned-politician had been a citizen. After all, he’d voted in Ohio in the 1850s before the Dred Scott decision changed the citizenship rules. Other supporters said that the Dred Scott decision should have only applied to men who were all black and not mixed-race like Revels. His backers also pointed out that the Civil War and Reconstruction laws had overturned discriminatory legal rulings like Dred Scott. So, on Feb. 25, 1870, Revels became the first African American U.S. senator. To mark the groundbreaking moment, Republican Sen.  Charles Sumner of Massachusetts remarked, â€Å"All men are created equal, says the great Declaration, and now a great act attests this verity. Today we make the Declaration a reality†¦. The Declaration was only half established by Independence. The greatest duty remained behind. In assuring the equal rights of all we complete the work.† Tenure in Office Once he was sworn in, Revels tried to advocate for equality for blacks. He fought to have African Americans readmitted to the Georgia General Assembly after Democrats forced them out. He spoke out against legislation to maintain segregation in Washington, D.C., schools and served on labor and education committees. He fought for black workers who’d been denied the opportunity to work at the Washington Navy Yard simply because of their skin color. He nominated a young black man named Michael Howard to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, but Howard was ultimately refused entry. Revels also supported the building of infrastructure, levees and railroad. While Revels advocated for racial equality, he did not behave vengefully toward ex-Confederates. Some Republicans wanted them to face ongoing punishment, but Revels thought they should again be granted citizenship, as long as they pledged loyalty to the United States. Like Barack Obama would be more than a century later, Revels was hailed by his fans for his skills as an orator, which he likely developed because of his  experience as a pastor. Revels served just one year as U.S. senator. In 1871, his term ended, and he accepted the position of president of Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College in Claiborne County, Mississippi. Just a few years later, another African American, Blanche K. Bruce, would represent Mississippi in the U.S. Senate. While Revels only served a partial term, Bruce became the first African American to serve a full-term in office. Life After the Senate Revels’ transition into higher education didn’t spell the end of his career in politics. In 1873, he became Mississippis interim secretary of state. He lost his job at Alcorn when he opposed the reelection bid of Mississippi Gov. Adelbert Ames, who Revels accused of exploiting the black vote for personal gain. An 1875 letter Revels wrote to President Ulysses S. Grant about Ames and the carpetbaggers was heavily circulated. It said in part: â€Å"My people have been told by these schemers, when men have been placed on the ticket who were notoriously corrupt and dishonest, that they must vote for them; that the salvation of the party depended upon it; that the man who scratched a ticket was not a Republican. This is only one of the many means these unprincipled demagogues have devised to perpetuate the intellectual bondage of my people.† In 1876,  Revels resumed his work at Alcorn, where he served until retiring in 1882. Revels also continued his work as a pastor and edited the A.M.E. Church’s newspaper, the Southwestern Christian Advocate. In addition, he taught theology at Shaw College. Death and Legacy On Jan. 16, 1901, Revels died of a stroke in Aberdeen, Miss. He was in town for a church conference. He was 73. In death, Revels continues to be remembered as a trailblazer. Just nine African Americans, including Barack Obama, have won election  as U.S. senators since Revels time in office. This indicates that diversity in national politics continues to be a struggle, even in a 21st century United States far removed from slavery.

Dying To Be Thin - 525 Words

â€Å"Dying to be Thin,† produced by PBS, is a documentary that examines the troubles that persons who are affected by eating disorders go through and the constant, daily struggles they face with health and body image. The film tells the story of a number of young women who battled mainly anorexia and bulimia and mixes a variety of ages to give a â€Å"during† and an â€Å"after† perspective. Many of the women in the video were ballet or some similar type of dancer. Dancers, by their own account, are encouraged to be thin. The issue really came to the forefront after a young ballet dancer from Boston died of heart failure at the young age of 22, with an eating disorder deemed to be the cause. The narrator goes on to introduce more young women and detail the potential illnesses that their eating disorders can cause. Chronic low blood pressure, kidney and liver damage, severe early osteoporosis, and heart failure are all common things seem in patients who suffer fr om eating disorders. Most patients have dangerously low body weights, body fat percentages, and, often, young women will experience amenorrhea, which is the loss of menstruation. All of the people in the video wanted to be better and were seeking a road to recovery. The video showed though, how difficult that can be since the eating disorders can be so wide ranging and have a number of different root causes. Often patients develop eating disorders as something that they have control over, in a world that they feel is out of theirShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis: Dying To Be Thin565 Words   |  2 Pages The movie â€Å"Dying To Be Thin† follows the lives of multiple different girls who are suffering through an eating disorder. The movie shows how extreme an eating disorder can be and how serious this addiction is. We were also able to see different types of treatments that can be used to help these girls. There are many different types of eating disorders and Dying To Be Thin shows the characteristics of each different disorder. Throughout high school, I had a few different friends that were diagnosedRead MoreStruggle with Eating Disorders: Dying To Be Thin649 Words   |  3 Pages The film â€Å"Dying to be Thin† followed the cases of several individuals who have struggled with an eating disorder at some point in their lives, showing the different factors that play a role in eating disorder onset. Different individuals in the film have different reasons for developing an eating disorder but there are some over-arching themes such as the media’s influence, career-related pressures, and certain personality types. The movie relates that percentage of women with anorexia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders Can Be Generally Characterized By Any Range Of Abnormal Or Disturbed Eating Habits897 Words   |  4 Pagesmay follow. Dying to Be Thin is an exceptional film that focuses on the prevalence of eating disorders in different settings. This film consists of interviews with students, ballet dancers, fashion models, and other young women who are in the process of recovery. Dying to Be Thin digs deep into the minds of women who suffer with Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa to show how distorted their thinking can become. The dangerous obsession for dancers and models to be abnormally thin is sweeping theRead MoreI Am Thin, Video And The Two Studies On Anorexia Nervosa863 Words   |  4 PagesAfter reviewing the â€Å"Dying to be Thin† (2000) video and the two studies on anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) my view of these two disorders has been expanded and somewhat altered. The â€Å"Dying to Be Thin† video looked at the history, triggers, medical complications and treatments. It documents the struggles of models, dancers and teenagers with the disease. The two studies on AN and BN asked patients in a therapeutic setting to write letters to their disorders from the friend and foe perspectiveRead MoreCultural Pressures to be Thin Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagescompare the size of men and women today to the sizes years ago? Recently there is a huge new trend of becoming as thin and fit as possible and thinking this is how one becomes beautiful. No one actually knows where thi s idea has emerged from. In the past big has been known as being healthy and beautiful. Take for instance Marilyn Monroe, she was the pin up girl for many men and wasnt exactly thin to todays standards. Todays celebrities wear sizes 0 - 2 and are the supposed poster girls of what beautifulRead MoreThe Influence Of Eating Disorders1022 Words   |  5 Pagesunhealthy low weight. We are inundated with images in the media of extremely thin models, actors, and celebrities that skew our perception of what is healthy. As Ruth Striegel-Moore from Wesleyan University notes in the PBS Nova documentary Dying to Be Thin (PBS Nova, 2015), â€Å"the repeated exposure to a particular image teaches you to like that particular image,† and adds that, â€Å"we have become so used to seeing extremely thin women, that we have learned to think that this is what is beautiful.† ModelsRead MoreEating Disorders : A Well Known Secret817 Words   |  4 Pagesthe general public. From the numerou s after school specials to the headlines on various gossip magazines accompanied by underweight starlets, the issues of eating disorders is a hard one to ignore. The documentary I chose to watch is one called Dying to Be Thin directed and produced by Larkin McPhee. This compelling picture focuses on eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia in relation to teenage girls and young women in the United States. Before watching the film I knew a fair amount about eatingRead MoreEating Disorders Are Generally Characterized By Any Range Of Abnormal Or Disturbed Eating Habits924 Words   |  4 Pagesper week, moderate is 4-7 per week, severe is 8-13 times per week and extreme is 14 or more episodes per week. Dying to Be Thin is an exceptional documentary that focuses on the prevalence of eating disorders in different settings. This film consists of interviews with students, ballet dancers, fashion models, and other young women who are in the process of recovery. Dying to Be Thin digs deep into the minds of women who suffer with Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa to demonstrate how the disorderRead MoreThe Media s Impact On Self Image762 Words   |  4 Pages Watching â€Å"Dying to be Thin† further solidified a slowly growing understanding of the media’s impact on self-image and its ability to steal a person’s life in a 30-second advertisement. As explained in the video, eating disorders have the highest death rate of any psychiatric illness. The onset of this illness seems to stem from a desire to achieve the unattainable and the subsequent desperation that ensues. â€Å"Dying to be Thin† properly explained the role of the media in saturating society wi thRead MoreDeath Is Not The End By Bob Dylan1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthe theme of Death. She describes her grave as her â€Å"house† which indicates that she is comfortable with the feeling of dying. In the first verse in the second stanza Dickinson writes: â€Å"We slowly drove†, this could possible mean that her and Death have finally joined and she is actually dying and ‘slowly’ could possibly mean that her Death was very slow and from a long illness or dying from old age in her sleep. Also, in the last verse on the second stanza, she writes: â€Å"We passed the Setting Sun† which

Data compression Free Essays

Presentation or Weeping Presentation or Weeping (2) Describe the fields that â€Å"could be† or â€Å"are† merged Not Just name and address. More detail needed e. G. We will write a custom essay sample on Data compression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firestone, surname. House name or number. Street, Village, Town, Postcode If none exists explain what the end user would like you to produce. If none exists analyses a similar web page if your local football team does not have one analyses another football teams website. Purpose + Audience + DATA Identify the special features, e. . Video, sound, animations included or could be included Automated Document (2) These could be actual automated documents or manual documents which have the potential to be an automated process If none exists explain what the end user would like you to produce For the automated process you must identify: Purpose of the letter *audience + DATA What is the purpose, audience and data of the website or presentation Identify and describe its purpose. This could be an actual automated document or a one which includes a process which could be automated If you are looking at an actual set of web pages identify the feature on the page do not Just give a list. (Good practice is to use an arrow pointing to the feature and label it or try to write a short sentence about it. Specific detail needed on type of sound, video, animation, hotshot and hyperlink, etc.. In describing the potential features DO NOT generalist Be specific video of Links to what†¦. Sound files about † An email link to 2 Task 1 – DTV Mark Criteria Purpose of your document Analysis of house style Design Detailed design of documents Use of basic features Different font styles and sizes Purpose of document and audience House style / ethos of your document This may not always be the same as the ones you have looked at. NOT DESCRIPTIVE NOT it will have a blue background and use comic sans font. WHY? Designs – basic Bold, centre and underline Autographs Right or full Justification Bullet points Needs both parts What image are you trying to project How are you going to project it? . G. Friendly and fun, so I will use lots of picture of people smiling and enjoying themselves Outline layout with inherent page orientation and identifying which frames are text and which are for pictures. (If only 1 page no marks can be awarded) Details of Data – both text and graphics graphics. Fonts Font Sizes 1 mark awarded for details of fonts and font sizes to be used – (80% coverage) 1 mark awarded for details of 8 different features to be used such as margins, tab settings, line spacing, paragraph styles, etc. Show the 8 different features that you are going to use Use of different font styles and sizes Use of bold, centre and underline (need all three) Autograph Need all three but not necessarily on the same words or page Any Autograph Justification Right or Full NOT left aligned and more than two lines Cannot be awarded if only 1 bullet not in a clear list use (3 in list) right or centre Justification skews the bullets 3 Must be clear Worrywart and not Just large fonts Could also be text from external text generators/ sources, e. G. Collect. Mom e. G. Clouded text boxes, shaded tables, Clouded borders in tables, Clouded text Worrywart Shading effects Shading Effects Headers and footers Two forms of electronic combination Use of at least two different types of graphical image, from different sources added to document Screenings evidence required Tables Must include grisliness unless evidence is clear 5 Each of the following may be awarded one mark – up too maximum of 5 marks for th is section. Each of the following may be awarded one mark – up to a maximum of 5 marks for this section. Advanced Features Different Paragraph formats up to five of: Different paragraph formats, Different line spacing, Superscript and subscript, Customized tables, Page or frame borders, Set and use win tabs, Set and use own indents, Watermarks, Pagination, Use of layering (forward and behind), Own style sheets Different line spacing Super Script and Subscript Set and use own Tabs Set and use own indents Layering Water marks Both need to be present and appear on the same place on every page on the printed document An image from Clipper, Internet, Scanner, Digital Camera, etc. Mark for each form/source of image) e. G. Scanned images, graphics from web, clipper from disc, digital camera images, graphs from spreadsheets, graphics from cad packages or paint. Must have before and after screen shots as evidence Sensible use – not automatic – evidence of before and after or no marks can be awarded NOT use of default tab settings in body of text or bullets – evidence of before and after or no marks can be awarded In main body of text both left right hand sides evidence of before and after or no marks can be awarded Use of layering forward and behind – not Just moving on top – evidence of before and after or no 4 Own Style Sheets construction evidence needed Page or Frame Borders Pagination Customized bullets Added to original list Photo – editing Must be Customized tables – cell merging / text direction not Just Clouded cells or borders Page numbers – must appear on all pages in the same place (If this has been used in Header Footer cannot be counted twice) A second set of bullet points needed External image from a file (Not internal fonts and characters) needed as the customization If complex not Just crop, rotate, etc, needs at least 3 layered effect and construction evidence required Task 2 Automated Document User Requirements Purpose of document Intended user House style Purpose of document + Professional ethos Basic layout and page orientation Automated features Font styles and Sizes used Data Basic Features Wordiness’s template import data from external source 1 mark awarded for the basic layout and page orientation 1 mark awarded for design of automated features including mail merged fields (not just address block/greeting lines) and THREE macros 1 mark for font styles and sizes used Data and contact details Not Just ‘body of letter’ 1 mark awarded for the wordiness’s templa te document showing the fields incorporated into the document. (The letter must not be cropped and should clearly identify both the merged fields and their position on the document and the data in the letter) Suitable format and layout for data Database Evidence How to cite Data compression, Papers

The Real Life of T.I. free essay sample

The Real Life oft. L. Rap music has become popular among teens since the sasss. Teens listen to rap because they like the beat and lyrics. Many teens in inner cities relate to rap music because it shows life in the real world. The successful reality rapper, T. L. Aka Clifford Harris, has risen to the top of the rap scene by appealing to teens who desire to be rich and famous. Although his career has been tumultuous, he has reached fame through hard work and dedication to helping others see the horrific situations In Inner cities.Although T. L. Has been very successful In rapping, he has had many struggles throughout his career. In November of 1997 In Cob County, Clifford Harris was charged with distribution of cocaine, manufacturing and outlasting a controlled substance, and giving authorities a false name. He was placed on probation for these charges. He violated his probation and was sentenced to three years In prison. We will write a custom essay sample on The Real Life of T.I. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He did one year and was able to apply for a work release program. Even though T. L. Got himself into all this trouble, he somehow overcame it.Despite his troubles in the rap business, some of his earlier records did not do very well; however, T. L. Gradually came up into his fame. Then he became one of the greatest and most successful rappers during 2003. The song that made him become famous in 2003 was asss. T. L. s latest record which was released in 2006 was THE KING. This record went platinum; it came out about the same time as the movie TTL. This album and movie is where a lot of his fame came. In a lot of T. L. s albums he calls himself the KING of the south.A lot of other rappers have a very big problem with hat That is where he got himself into trouble. About a year ago, T. L. Won a fist fight with Ill Flip outside of a concert. This is why T. L. Is very cocky. All these problems forced he and his personal assistant into a shooting, which his personal assistant Pliant Johnson died. Pliant Johnson was T. L. s childhood friend so we can only imagine how hard it was for him. T. L. s desire to educate people who do not realize the problems of inner city life is evident in his lyrics.T. L. Once said, Its informative for people who dont know nothing about that did of life and wonder why somebody they know that live on that side of life act the way they do or dont do so its Information for them and maybe it can help them deal with these people, help them relate to these people, help them understand, help them to see their point of view a little better is also inspiration for people who live life. This Is how T. L. Relates to people and tries to help people understand what Its Like for people In Inner cities. Those who live in the suburbs have never experienced the tragedies that people In Inner cities have, and T. L. Ants to educate people and help them see other peoples problems. T. L. s rap music Is popular to among teens because he relates to their problems. Because of his lyrics others can understand the troubles In Inner scales. Even though T. L. Has experienced horrific situations of these Inner scales, he has overcome these problems and worked hard to achieve fame. The Real Life of T. L. By abjectly through hard work and dedication to helping others see the horrific situations in inner cities. Although T. L. As been very successful in rapping, he has had many struggles wrought his career. In November of 1997 in Cob County, Clifford Harris was charged with distribution of cocaine, manufacturing and distributing a controlled these charges. He violated his probation and was sentenced to three years in prison. That. That is where he got himself into trouble. About a year ago, T. L. Won a fist fight they know that live on that side of life act the way they do or dont do so its information for them and maybe it can help them deal with these people, help them little better is also inspiration for people who live life.